Illegal small-scale mining, commonly known as galamsey, has evolved into a deeply entrenched livelihood in Ghana. Senyo Hosi, Convener of the OneGhana Movement, highlighted this transformation, stating galamsey is now an “endemic” problem. He emphasized that the activity has become a major source of income for many Ghanaians.
Mr. Hosi explained that galamsey's financial returns make it highly attractive, especially to young people. He cited examples of individuals earning GHS 3,000 to GHS 10,000 per week. This income level often surpasses what many formally employed graduates earn in Ghana's formal economy. This economic reality makes it increasingly difficult for authorities to eliminate galamsey through enforcement measures alone.
This situation reflects a broader challenge within Ghana's economic landscape, where formal employment opportunities struggle to meet demand. The allure of quick, substantial income from galamsey draws many, particularly those with limited formal education. Ghana's reliance on gold exports further complicates the issue, as gold accounts for 63% of the nation's total export earnings. Artisanal and small-scale mining contributes significantly to this gold production.
“The socioeconomic reality is that galamsey has become a livelihood,” Mr. Hosi stated on JoyNews' Newsfile program. He added, “It is so endemic, you can hardly separate it from the path of politics, economics and community harmony.” He noted that community leaders and families often support the activity due to its economic benefits. This widespread acceptance underscores the need for a new approach.
Mr. Hosi advocates for a fundamental shift in policy from fighting galamsey to formalizing and regulating the sector. He believes Ghana has passed the point where complete eradication is a viable or sustainable solution. Policymakers must recognize galamsey's economic importance while addressing its environmental and social consequences. This approach aims to bring the sector under effective regulation, ensuring better oversight and environmental protection. Such a move could also integrate these miners into the formal economy, providing stability and tax revenue. The government's response to this call for formalization will be crucial. It will impact environmental sustainability, local economies, and national export revenues. Stakeholders will closely watch for concrete policy proposals and their implementation.