Ghana risks facing a severe food crisis, social unrest, and increased national insecurity. This warning comes from the United Nations Working Group on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas. They say this future is likely if Ghana neglects sustainable agriculture and its rural livelihoods.
Professor Uche Ofodile, an Africa representative for the Working Group, stated the consequences of not investing are severe. She explained that problems with food availability, especially during global instability, are a major concern. A lack of fertilisers and essential agricultural inputs makes developing local solutions crucial. Food shortages can directly lead to public unrest and instability.
This warning follows a 10-day official visit to Ghana by the Working Group. They met with government bodies, farmers, fisherfolk, and communities. Their aim was to assess the human rights of rural workers. The group identified issues beyond just food. They also noted concerns about nutritional security, national independence, jobs for young people, and economic stability.
Ghana's reliance on imported farm products and global supply chains makes it vulnerable. This dependence can lead to disruptions during international crises. The country faces a challenge with its large youth population. Many young people are leaving farming for illegal mining because farming jobs lack economic promise. Young women in rural areas are also at risk. Issues like teenage pregnancy and economic vulnerability remain serious concerns for them.
While Ghana has enacted policies for agricultural modernisation and climate resilience, smallholder farmers are often left out. The current focus on large-scale, export-oriented farming might sideline these crucial food producers. These small farmers are the backbone of Ghana's food system. The experts highlighted climate change and 'galamsey', or illegal mining, as twin threats. 'Galamsey' is especially damaging. It contaminates water, destroys farmland, and spreads toxic chemicals like mercury.
Illegal mining is seen as a cause of environmental damage and a symptom of deeper economic issues. It also affects young people in rural areas. Land insecurity is another significant problem, especially for women, youth, and farmers. Women control much of agriculture and fishing. However, they often lack land ownership and decision-making power. Older women farmers also face risks, including accusations of witchcraft that can lead to displacement and loss of their livelihoods.
The Working Group acknowledged Ghana's progress in human rights laws. They mentioned the Fisheries and Aquaculture Act 2025, the Social Protection Act 2025, and the Affirmative Action Act 2024. They also praised initiatives like the Community Resource Management Area model. However, they emphasized that real progress needs stronger political commitment and more community involvement. Long-term investment in sustainable agriculture is essential.
Professor Ofodile urged the media to amplify the voices of peasant farmers. She wants them to highlight the challenges these farmers face. The UN Working Group will present a full report of its findings to the UN Human Rights Council in September 2026. The group monitors peasant rights globally, working to protect small farmers from inequality and land rights violations.