Ghana has commenced the rollout of 300 new diesel buses to expand its public transport network. This decision has sparked debate regarding the coherence of its national policies, particularly in light of an ambitious push for electric vehicle (EV) adoption and commitments to reduce transport sector emissions.
The first 100 Isuzu-manufactured 29-seater buses have already arrived in Ghana. Future deliveries are scheduled for August and November, according to Minister of Government Communications Felix Kwakye Ofosu. These buses aim to alleviate increasing commuter pressure and bolster state-operated services like Metro Mass Transit (MMT) and State Transport Corporation (STC).
This procurement, however, directly challenges Ghana's National Electric Vehicle Policy, launched in 2023. This policy maps out a strategy to promote clean mobility. It also seeks to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and position Ghana as an electric transport hub by leveraging its lithium deposits. The policy targets a 35 percent EV penetration in new vehicle sales and 60 percent electrification of the government fleet by 2035.
Energy experts and analysts are questioning the government's approach. Shika Akpaloo, Senior Project Officer at the Centre for Extractives and Development, Africa (CEDA), highlighted concerns. She stated that each of the 300 buses is expected to operate for 10 to 15 years. This effectively extends fossil fuel consumption well into the period when Ghana aims for rapid electric mobility growth. Ms. Akpaloo noted, 'The credibility gap is real.'
Government officials have defended the procurement as a necessary short-term solution. Seth Manu, Director of Renewables at the Ministry of Energy and Green Transition, explained the buses address urgent mobility needs. He stressed that Ghana's energy transition extends until 2070 and does not require an immediate removal of internal combustion technologies. Mr. Manu emphasized a gradual shift where modern, cleaner energy systems will offset emissions from hydrocarbon sources to achieve net-zero.
The long operational life of public transport buses means these new diesel vehicles will operate for more than a decade. This commitment to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles risks complicating Ghana's transition pathway. The government, as a major buyer, influences private investment, and continued reliance on ICE vehicles could weaken momentum for EV infrastructure and financing.
Ghana's updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement clearly identify electric mobility as vital. It is seen as a key pathway for reducing emissions, improving urban air quality, and lowering health risks. The National Energy Transition Plan (2022–2070) also outlines a long-term strategy for net-zero emissions, with transport sector reforms as a critical component.
The implications of this decision are significant. It creates a perceived inconsistency between immediate transport solutions and long-term climate goals. Stakeholders will observe how Ghana navigates this policy divergence. The government's actions could either reinforce its commitment to green energy or signal a delay in its ambitious transition plans.