Togolese border officials have repeatedly demanded illegal payments from Ghanaian travelers, with one journalist reporting over GHS 2,000 in unofficial fees during a single trip. This practice, documented by Albert Kuzor of Joy Business, highlights significant obstacles to the free movement of people and goods within the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).
Kuzor’s recent journey to Togo, undertaken last weekend, mirrored previous frustrating experiences dating back to 2022. Officials at various checkpoints consistently requested money for alleged document deficiencies or minor infractions, despite travelers possessing valid identification. These demands often left travelers with no option but to pay to continue their journey.
This situation directly contradicts the ECOWAS Protocol on Free Movement of Persons, Residence, and Establishment, which aims to facilitate seamless travel among member states. The persistent demands for unofficial payments impede regional integration and economic cooperation. It also places an undue financial burden on individuals and families with deep historical and cultural ties across the Ghana-Togo border.
Albert Kuzor recounted his experiences, stating that officials at checkpoints between Lomé and Asigamé demanded various documents, including visas and police clearance. He noted that even with necessary vehicle documents, the demands for money continued. On one occasion, his brother’s driving license and vehicle documents were confiscated when he challenged an officer, forcing them to pay.
The continued harassment at border crossings has significant implications for regional trade and economic activity. Small-scale traders and individuals relying on cross-border movement for livelihoods face increased costs and delays. This undermines efforts to boost intra-regional trade, a key objective for Ghana's economic growth and regional stability. The informal payments act as a non-tariff barrier, hindering the flow of goods and services.
Ghanaian authorities and ECOWAS institutions must address these systemic issues at border posts. Enhanced monitoring and enforcement of existing protocols are crucial to ensure compliance by member states. Failure to do so risks eroding public trust in regional integration efforts and perpetuating economic inefficiencies. Travelers should be aware of their rights under ECOWAS protocols and report any illicit demands.
Kuzor’s first trip in 2022 saw his family spend more than GHS 1,000, equivalent to CFA 48,430, on various payments. In a subsequent 2025 trip, his family set out with GHS 2,000, which was largely depleted by checkpoint payments. A colleague even had to lend him GHS 1,500 to facilitate their return journey. These figures underscore the substantial financial impact on ordinary citizens.
The journalist’s account also revealed that some Togolese officers openly stated that ECOWAS agreements existed “only on paper.” This sentiment reflects a concerning disregard for regional commitments. It suggests a need for stronger political will and administrative reforms to ensure that border officials adhere to established protocols. The economic impact on individuals and the broader regional economy is substantial, hindering the potential benefits of free movement.
The challenges extend beyond financial demands. On one occasion, Ghanaian Customs officials at the Honuta border crossing refused entry after 6 PM, forcing Kuzor and his family to spend the night in their vehicle. Such rigid enforcement of local regulations, without considering regional travel needs, further complicates cross-border movement. This incident highlights a lack of coordination and flexibility among border agencies.
The persistent issues at the Ghana-Togo border call for urgent intervention from ECOWAS. A concerted effort is needed to educate border officials on free movement protocols and implement strict accountability measures. This will ensure that the benefits of regional integration are fully realized by citizens and businesses alike. The economic prosperity of the region depends on efficient and transparent border operations.